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Analysis > Compliance

2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit Interim Compliance Report

For the period of 11 September 2023 to 19 May 2024

Prepared by
Irene Wu and Mahek Kaur
and the G20 Research Group

16 September 2025

The 2024 G20 Rio Summit Interim Compliance Report reviews progress made on nine commitments were assessed based on actions taken between 20 November 2024 to 31 May 2025. A report covering the full period between the 2024 Rio de Janeiro Summit and the 2025 Johannesburg Summit will be published in November 2025.

Download the full 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit Interim Compliance Report (PDF, 788 pages).

On this page:

Report sections can be downloaded separately:

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Preface

Since the G20 leaders met at their first summit in 2008 in Washington, the G20 Research Group at the University of Toronto has produced reports on their progress in implementing the priority commitments made at each summit. These reports monitor each G20 member’s efforts to implement a carefully chosen selection of the many commitments produced at each summit. The reports are offered to the general public and to policy makers, academics, civil society, the media and interested citizens around the world in an effort to make the work of the G20 more transparent, accessible and effective, and to provide scientific data to enable the meaningful analysis of the causes of compliance, including those that leaders can change to improve compliance and the impact of this important informal international institution. Previous reports are available at the G20 Information Centre at www.g20.utoronto.ca/compliance.

After initiating this G20 compliance research in 2009, after the Washington Summit in November 2008, the G20 Research Group has worked with the Center for International Institutions Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), and formerly with the International Organizations Research Institute at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, in Moscow. The initial report, covering only one commitment made at that summit, tested the compliance methodology developed by the G7 Research Group and adapted it to the G20.

Starting with the compliance reports for the 2023 New Delhi Summit, the G20 Research Group and RANEPA teams are issuing their compliance reports separately.

With its addition as a full member in 2023, the African Union is included in the compliance assessments as of the 2024 Rio de Janeiro Summit.

To make its assessments, the G20 Research Group relies on publicly available information, documentation and media reports. To ensure accuracy, comprehensiveness and integrity, we encourage comments from stakeholders. Indeed, scores can be recalibrated if new material becomes available. All feedback remains anonymous. Responsibility for the contents of this report lies exclusively with the authors and analysts of the G20 Research Group.

Professor John Kirton
Director, G20 Research Group

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Introduction and Summary

The G20 2024 Rio de Janeiro Interim Compliance Report is prepared by the G20 Research Group based at the University of Toronto. The report analyzes compliance by G20 members with priority commitments selected from the total of 174 commitments made at the Rio Summit hosted by Brazil on 18–19 November 2024. This interim report covers relevant actions taken by the G20 members between 20 November 2024 to 31 May 2025. A report covering the full period between the Rio Summit and the 2025 Johannesburg Summit hosted by South Africa on 22–23 November 2025 will be published in early November.

Methodology and Scoring System

This report draws on the methodology developed by the G7 Research Group, which has been monitoring G7/8 compliance since 1996. The use of this methodology builds cross-institutional and cross-member consistency and also allows compatibility with compliance assessments of other institutions.

The methodology uses a scale from −1 to +1, where +1 indicates full compliance with the stated commitment, −1 indicates a failure to comply or action taken that is directly opposite to the stated instruments or goal of the commitment, and 0 indicates partial compliance or work in progress, such as initiatives that have been launched but are not yet near completion and whose full results can therefore not be assessed. Each member assessed receives a score of −1, 0 or +1 for each commitment. For convenience, the scores in the tables have been converted to percentages, where −1 equals 0 per cent and +1 equals 100 per cent.

[The formula to convert a score into a percentage is P = 50 × (S + 1), where P is the percentage and S is the score.]

A compliance score of −1 does not necessarily imply an unwillingness to comply on the part of G20 members. In some cases, policy actions can take multiple compliance cycles to implement and measure. As the G20 Research Group continues to monitor developments, progress made by members can be recorded in future compliance reports.

The Compliance Coding Manual that describes the methodology in detail is available on the G20 Information Centre website at www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/index.html#method.

Commitment Breakdown

The G20 made a total of 174 commitments at the Rio Summit. These commitments, as identified by the G20 Research Group, are drawn from the G20 Rio Leaders’ Declaration.

[A commitment is defined as a discrete, specific, publicly expressed, collectively agreed statement of intent; a promise by summit members that they will undertake future action to move toward, meet or adjust to an identified target. More details are contained in the Reference Manual for Summit Commitment and Compliance Coding).]

Selection of Commitments

For each compliance cycle (that is, the period between summits), the research team selects commitments that reflect the breadth of the G20 agenda and also reflect the priorities of the summit’s host, while balancing the selection to allow for comparison with past and future summits, following the methodology developed by the G7 Research Group. The selection also replicates the breakdown of issue areas and the proportion of commitments in each one. Primary criteria for priority commitment selection are the comprehensiveness and relevance to the summit, the G20 and the world, as well as individual and collective pledges. Selected commitments must also meet secondary criteria of performance measurability and ability to comply to some degree within a year, as well as the tertiary criterion of significance as identified by scientific teams and relevant stakeholders in the host country.

For the 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit Interim Compliance Report, 13 priority commitments were selected for assessment by the G20 Research Group (see Table 1).

Interim Compliance Scores

This assessment is based on relevant, publicly available information relating to actions taken from 20 November 2024 to 31 May 2025. The interim compliance scores by commitment are contained in Table 2. Country rankings are listed in Table 3 and commitment rankings are listed in Table 4. For the interim compliance period, for all 13 commitments selected for analysis, G20 members achieved average compliance of +0.28 (64%).

Interim Compliance by Member

For interim compliance with the 13 selected Rio Summit’s priority commitments, the European Union had the highest compliance at +0.85 (92%), followed by Japan at +0.69 (85%) and the United Kingdom at +0.62 (81%). They are followed by Australia and Canada at 0.54 (77%) and 2024 host Brazil, France and Korea at +0.46 (73%). The United States had the lowest compliance at −0.38 (31%). The difference between the highest and lowest G20 member compliance is 1.23. All the scores by G20 members are listed in Table 3.

Interim Compliance by Commitment

At +0.76 (88%), the commitment on energy transition supply chains had the highest score, followed by the inclusive health systems commitment with +0.67 (83%) and the biodiversity and disaster risk reduction commitments with +0.62 (81%). The commitment on fertilizer shortages had the lowest compliance, with a score of −0.29 (36%). All the scores by commitment are listed in Table 4.

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Table 1: 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit Commitments Selected for Compliance Monitoring
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1 We support reliable, diversified, sustainable and responsible supply chains for energy transitions, including for critical minerals and materials beneficiated at source, semiconductors and technologies. (2024-122)
2 We reaffirm our commitment in the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration to collectively mobilize more headroom and concessional finance to boost World Bank capacity to help low- and middle-income countries that need help in addressing global challenges, with a clear framework for the allocation of scarce concessional resources, and to provide strong support for the poorest countries. (2024-150)
3 [We]…support the African Union to realize the trade and economic integration and aspirations under its Agenda 2063 as it enters its second decade of implementation. (2024-168)
4 In order to deliver on the promises of the United Nations and other relevant international organizations around the world, we pledge to work for a reinvigorated and strengthened multilateral system, rooted in the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and international law, with renewed institutions and a reformed governance that is more representative, effective, transparent and accountable, reflecting the social, economic and political realities of the 21st century. (2024-137)
5 We recognize the need for deep, rapid and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in line with 1.5 C pathways [and call on members to contribute to the global efforts against climate change, in a nationally determined manner, taking into account the Paris Agreement and their different national circumstances, pathways and approaches, as addressed in GST-1.]. (2024-102)
6 We commit to accelerating international disaster risk reduction cooperation in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2024-78)
7 We reaffirm the commitment to the swift, full, and effective implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) adopted at the COP15 to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). (2024-124)
8 We remain committed to building more resilient, equitable, sustainable, and inclusive health systems for the provision of integrated people-centered health services, including mental health. (2024-43)
9 Our fiscal policies will safeguard fiscal sustainability and rebuild buffers, remain growth-friendly, and catalyze public and private investments towards productivity enhancing reforms. (2024-10)
10 While expressing our deep concern about the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and the escalation in Lebanon, we emphasize the urgent need to expand the flow of humanitarian assistance and to reinforce the protection of civilians [and demand the lifting of all barriers to the provision of humanitarian assistance at scale.] (2024-16)
11 We also aim to address the challenges of fertilizer shortages, including through strengthening local production, trade, increase fertilizer efficiency, and utilize biofertilizers while addressing the need to improve soil health and minimize water pollution. (2024-25)
12 We commit to implementing the G20 Roadmap Towards and Beyond the Brisbane Goal. (2024-32)
13 In this sense, we emphasize the need for digital platforms’ transparency and responsibility in line with relevant policies and applicable legal frameworks and will work with platforms and relevant stakeholders in this regard. (2024-59)

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Table 2: 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit Interim Compliance Scores
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  Argentina Australia Brazil Canada China France Germany India Indonesia Italy Japan Korea Mexico Russia Saudi
Arabia		 South
Africa		 Türkiye United Kingdom United
States		 African Union European Union Average
1 Energy: Energy Transition 0 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +0.76 88%
2 Development: LMIC Support 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 +1 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 n/a 0 +0.25 63%
3 Development: AU Integration 0 0 0 0 +1 0 +1 0 −1 0 0 0 −1 0 −1 0 0 0 −1 +1 +1 0.00 50%
4 Institutional Reform −1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 −1 0 0 +1 0 −1 0 +1 0.00 50%
5 Climate Change: GHG Reduction −1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 −1 0 0 0 +1 0 0 +1 +0.29 64%
6 Climate Change: Disaster Risk Reduction −1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 −1 0 +1 +0.62 81%
7 Environment: Biodiversity +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 −1 0 +1 0 +1 −1 +1 +1 +0.62 81%
8 Health: Inclusive Health Systems 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0 0 +1 +1 −1 +1 +1 +0.67 83%
9 Macroeconomics: Fiscal Policy +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0 +1 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 +1 +0.57 79%
10 Humanitarian Efforts in Gaza and Lebanon −1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 −1 +1 −0.05 48%
11 Fertilizer Shortages 0 0 +1 −1 −1 0 +1 −1 0 −1 +1 −1 −1 −1 −1 0 −1 0 +1 −1 0 −0.29 36%
12 Gender Equality: Labour Markets −1 +1 0 +1 −1 −1 0 0 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 −1 0 0 0 +1 −1 0 +1 +0.14 57%
13 Digital Platform Transparency 0 0 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 0 −1 +1 0 −1 0 0 +1 0 0 −1 0 +1 +0.10 55%
Final Score −0.23 −0.23 +0.54 +0.46 +0.54 +0.31 +0.46 +0.38 +0.23 +0.31 +0.38 +0.69 +0.46 +0.08 −0.31 0.00 +0.23 +0.23 +0.62 −0.38 +0.08 +0.85 +0.28
38% 77% 73% 77% 65% 73% 69% 62% 65% 69% 85% 73% 54% 35% 50% 62% 62% 81% 31% 54% 92% 64%  

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Table 3: 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit Interim Compliance Scores
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Rank Member Average
1 European Union +0.85 92%
2 Japan +0.69 85%
3 United Kingdom +0.62 81%
4 Australia +0.54 77%
Canada
6 Brazil +0.46 73%
France
Korea
9 Germany +0.38 69%
Italy
11 China +0.31 65%
Indonesia
13 India +0.23 62%
South Africa
Türkiye
16 African Union +0.08 54%
Mexico
18 Saudi Arabia 0.00 50%
19 Argentina −0.23 38%
20 Russia −0.31 35%
21 United States −38 31%

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Table 4: 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit Interim Compliance by Commitment
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Rank Issue Average
1 Energy: Energy Transition Supply Chains +0.76 88%
2 Health: Inclusive Health Systems +0.67 83%
3 Climate Change: Disaster Risk Reduction +0.62 81%
Environment: Biodiversity
5 Macroeconomics: Fiscal Policy +0.57 79%
6 Climate Change: Greenhouse Gas Reduction +0.29 64%
7 Development: Financial Support for Low and Middle-Income Countries +0.25 63%
8 Gender Equality: Labour Markets +0.14 57%
9 Digitalization: Digital Platform Transparency +0.10 55%
10 Development: Integration of the African Union 0.00 50%
Institutional Reform: Reforming Global Governance Institutions
12 Regional Security: Humanitarian Efforts in Gaza and Lebanon −0.05 48%
13 Food and Agriculture: Fertilizer Shortages −0.29 36%

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