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2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Final Compliance Report
For the period of 11 September 2023 to 10 November 2024
Prepared by
Tisya Raina and Brinda Batra and the G20 Research Group
13 November 2024
The 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Final Compliance Report reviews progress made on nine commitments were assessed based on actions taken between 11 September 2023 and 10 November 2024. This report builds on the 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Interim Compliance Report that covered the period only up to 19 March 2024.
Download the full 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Final Compliance Report (PDF, 571 pages).
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Since the G20 leaders met at their first summit in 2008 in Washington, the G20 Research Group at the University of Toronto has produced reports on their progress in implementing the priority commitments made at each summit. These reports monitor each G20 member’s efforts to implement a carefully chosen selection of the many commitments produced at each summit. The reports are offered to the general public and to policy makers, academics, civil society, the media and interested citizens around the world in an effort to make the work of the G20 more transparent, accessible and effective, and to provide scientific data to enable the meaningful analysis of the causes of compliance, including those that leaders can change to improve compliance and the impact of this important informal international institution. Previous reports are available at the G20 Information Centre at www.g20.utoronto.ca/compliance.
After initiating this G20 compliance research in 2009, after the Washington Summit in November 2008, the G20 Research Group has worked with the Center for International Institutions Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), and formerly with the International Organizations Research Institute at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, in Moscow. The initial report, covering only one commitment made at that summit, tested the compliance methodology developed by the G7 Research Group and adapted it to the G20.
Starting with the compliance reports for the 2023 New Delhi Summit, the G20 Research Group and RANEPA teams are issuing their compliance reports separately. This report therefore covers nine commitments selected for monitoring by the G20 Research Group.
To make its assessments, the G20 Research Group relies on publicly available information, documentation and media reports. To ensure accuracy, comprehensiveness and integrity, we encourage comments from stakeholders. Indeed, scores can be recalibrated if new material becomes available. All feedback remains anonymous. Responsibility for the contents of this report lies exclusively with the authors and analysts of the G20 Research Group.
Professor John Kirton
Director, G20 Research Group
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The G20 2023 New Delhi Final Compliance Report is prepared by the G20 Research Group based at the University of Toronto. The report analyzes compliance by G20 members with nine priority commitments selected from the total of 290 commitments made at the New Delhi Summit hosted by India on 9–10 September 2022. This final report covers relevant actions taken by G20 members between 11 September 2023 and 10 October 2024, in the lead-up to the Rio Summit to be hosted by Brazil on 18–19 November 2024. It builds on the interim compliance report that assessed actions taken up to 19 March 2024.
This report draws on the methodology developed by the G7 Research Group, which has been monitoring G7/8 compliance since 1996. The use of this methodology builds cross-institutional and cross-member consistency and also allows compatibility with compliance assessments of other institutions.
The methodology uses a scale from −1 to +1, where +1 indicates full compliance with the stated commitment, −1 indicates a failure to comply or action taken that is directly opposite to the stated instruments or goal of the commitment, and 0 indicates partial compliance or work in progress, such as initiatives that have been launched but are not yet near completion and whose full results can therefore not be assessed. Each member assessed receives a score of −1, 0 or +1 for each commitment. For convenience, the scores in the tables have been converted to percentages, where −1 equals 0 per cent and +1 equals 100 per cent.[The formula to convert a score into a percentage is P = 50 × (S + 1), where P is the percentage and S is the score.]
A compliance score of −1 does not necessarily imply an unwillingness to comply on the part of G20 members. In some cases, policy actions can take multiple compliance cycles to implement and measure. As the G20 Research Group continues to monitor developments, progress made by members can be recorded in future compliance reports.
The Compliance Coding Manual that describes the methodology in detail is available on the G20 Information Centre website at www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/index.html#method.
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The G20 made a total of 290 commitments at the New Delhi Summit. These commitments, as identified by the G20 Research Group, are drawn from the G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration.
[A commitment is defined as a discrete, specific, publicly expressed, collectively agreed statement of intent; a promise by summit members that they will undertake future action to move toward, meet or adjust to an identified target. More details are contained in the Reference Manual for Summit Commitment and Compliance Coding).]
For each compliance cycle (that is, the period between summits), the research team selects commitments that reflect the breadth of the G20 agenda and also reflect the priorities of the summit’s host, while balancing the selection to allow for comparison with past and future summits, following the methodology developed by the G7 Research Group. The selection also replicates the breakdown of issue areas and the proportion of commitments in each one. Primary criteria for priority commitment selection are the comprehensiveness and relevance to the summit, the G20 and the world, as well as individual and collective pledges. Selected commitments must also meet secondary criteria of performance measurability and ability to comply to some degree within a year, as well as the tertiary criterion of significance as identified by scientific teams and relevant stakeholders in the host country.
For the 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Final Compliance Report, nine priority commitments were selected for assessment by the G20 Research Group. They are listed in Table 1.
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G20 members achieved average compliance with their 2023 commitments of +0.69 (85%). This assessment is based on relevant, publicly available information relating to actions taken from 11 September 2023 to 10 October 2024. The final compliance scores by commitment are contained in Table 2. Country rankings are listed in Table 3 and commitment rankings are listed in Table 4. For comparison purposes, the interim compliance score, as well as previous years’ scores, are included in Table 5.
For final compliance with the New Delhi Summit’s priority commitments, three members achieved full compliance of +1.00 (100%): Australia, Canada and the European Union. They were followed by 2024 host Brazil, Italy, Japan and the United States, with +0.89 (94%). India, which hosted the 2023 summit, placed 18th at +0.44 (72%). Russia had the lowest compliance at 0 (50%). The difference between the highest and lowest G20 member compliance was 1.00. The scores ranked by member are listed in Table 3.
The commitment on artificial intelligence achieved full compliance of +1.00 (100%), followed by the climate change commitment on funding at +0.95 (98%), followed by the commitment on high quality education at +0.90 (95%). The commitment on closing the gender pay gap had the lowest compliance at +0.40 (70%). The scores ranked by commitment are listed in Table 4.
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| 1 | To accelerate progress on SDGs [Sustainable Development Goals], we commit to taking collective action for effective and timely implementation of the G20 2023 Action Plan to Accelerate Progress on the SDGs, including its High-Level Principles. (2023-63) |
| 2 | Recognizing the imperative of achieving the SDGs, we will collectively mobilize more headroom and concessional finance to boost the World Bank’s capacity to support low and middle-income countries that need help in addressing global challenges, with a clear framework for the allocation of scarce concessional resources, and to provide strong support for the poorest countries. (2023-176) |
| 3 | [We will] Facilitate equitable access to safe, effective, quality-assured, and affordable vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics, and other medical countermeasures, especially in Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICs), LDCs [least developed countries] and SIDS [small island developing states]. (2023-101) |
| 4 | Take steps to promote the full and meaningful participation of women in a transitioning world of work by enabling inclusive access to employment opportunities, with a focus on closing the gender pay gap and ensuring women’s equal access to decent work and quality jobs. (2023-208) |
| 5 | We will undertake work to facilitate access to multilateral climate funds and enhance their leverage and ability to mobilize private capital. (2023-144) |
| 6 | Commit to accelerating innovations and investment focused on increasing agricultural productivity…to build more sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture and food systems. (2023-73) |
| 7 | To unlock the full potential of AI [artificial intelligence], equitably share its benefits and mitigate risks, we will work together to promote international cooperation and further discussions on international governance for AI. (2023-195) |
| 8 | We will unite in our endeavour to address the adverse impact of the war on the global economy. (2023-24) |
| 9 | We are committed to inclusive, equitable, high-quality education and skills training for all, including for those in vulnerable situations. (2023-106) |
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| Argentina | Australia | Brazil | Canada | China | France | Germany | India | Indonesia | Italy | Japan | Korea | Mexico | Russia | Saudi Arabia |
South Africa |
Türkiye | United Kingdom | United States |
European Union | Average | |||
| 1 | Development: Action on the SDGs | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +0.70 | 85% |
| 2 | Development: Financing the SDGs | 0 | +1 | 0 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +0.45 | 73% |
| 3 | Health: Access to Affordable Healthcare | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +0.65 | 83% |
| 4 | Gender: Closing the Pay Gap | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +0.40 | 70% |
| 5 | Climate Change: Facilitating Access to Funding | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +0.95 | 98% |
| 6 | Food and Agriculture: Investing in Food Systems | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | −1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | 0 | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +0.55 | 78% |
| 7 | Digital Economy: Artificial Intelligence | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1.00 | 100% |
| 8 | Macroeconomy: Addressing the Impacts of War | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +0.65 | 83% |
| 9 | Education: High Quality Education | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +0.90 | 95% |
| Final Score | +0.56 | +1.00 | +0.89 | +1.00 | +0.56 | +0.78 | +0.78 | +0.44 | +0.56 | +0.89 | +0.89 | +0.78 | +0.67 | 0.00 | +0.56 | +0.11 | +0.78 | +0.78 | +0.89 | +1.00 | +0.69 | 85% | |
| 78% | 100% | 94% | 100% | 78% | 89% | 89% | 72% | 78% | 94% | 94% | 89% | 83% | 50% | 78% | 56% | 89% | 89% | 94% | 100% | 85% | |||
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| Rank | Member | Average | |
| 1 | Australia | +1.00 | 100% |
| Canada | |||
| European Union | |||
| 4 | Brazil | +0.89 | 94% |
| Italy | |||
| Japan | |||
| United States | |||
| 8 | France | +0.78 | 89% |
| Germany | |||
| Korea | |||
| Türkiye | |||
| United Kingdom | |||
| 13 | Mexico | +0.67 | 83% |
| 14 | Argentina | +0.56 | 78% |
| China | |||
| Indonesia | |||
| Saudi Arabia | |||
| 18 | India | +0.44 | 72% |
| 19 | South Africa | +0.11 | 56% |
| 20 | Russia | 0 | 50% |
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| Rank | Issue | Average | |
| 1 | Digital Economy: Artificial Intelligence | +1.00 | 100% |
| 2 | Climate Change: Funding | +0.95 | 98% |
| 3 | Education: High Quality Education | +0.90 | 95% |
| 4 | Development: SDGs | +0.70 | 85% |
| 5 | Health: Affordable healthcare | +0.65 | 83% |
| Macroeconomy: War | |||
| 7 | Food and Agriculture: Food Systems | +0.55 | 78% |
| 8 | Development: Finance | +0.45 | 73% |
| 9 | Gender: Pay Gap | +0.40 | 70% |
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| Member | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | |||||||
| Washington 2008 |
London 2009 |
Pittsburgh 2009 |
Toronto 2010 |
Seoul 2010 |
Cannes 2011 |
Los Cabos 2012 |
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| Argentina | 0 | 50% | −0.60 | 20% | −0.13 | 44% | 0 | 50% | −0.08 | 46% | 0 | 50% | +0.31 | 66% |
| Australia | n/a | – | +0.60 | 80% | +0.50 | 75% | +0.56 | 78% | +0.85 | 93% | +0.67 | 84% | +0.94 | 97% |
| Brazil | +1.00 | 100% | +0.20 | 60% | −0.63 | 19% | +0.29 | 65% | +0.42 | 71% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.56 | 78% |
| Canada | +1.00 | 100% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.63 | 82% | +0.78 | 89% | +0.69 | 85% | +0.73 | 87% | +0.75 | 88% |
| China | 0 | 50% | −0.40 | 30% | +0.13 | 57% | +0.38 | 69% | +0.42 | 71% | +0.53 | 77% | +0.38 | 69% |
| France | +1.00 | 100% | +0.80 | 90% | +0.63 | 82% | +0.56 | 78% | +0.77 | 89% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.69 | 85% |
| Germany | +1.00 | 100% | +0.80 | 90% | +0.63 | 82% | +0.56 | 78% | +0.54 | 77% | +0.67 | 84% | +0.56 | 78% |
| India | 0 | 50% | −0.40 | 30% | −0.38 | 31% | −0.29 | 36% | +0.42 | 71% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.50 | 75% |
| Indonesia | n/a | – | −0.40 | 30% | −0.63 | 19% | −0.13 | 44% | +0.36 | 68% | +0.14 | 57% | +0.47 | 74% |
| Italy | +1.00 | 100% | 0 | 50% | +0.13 | 57% | +0.56 | 78% | +0.77 | 89% | +0.80 | 90% | +0.19 | 60% |
| Japan | +1.00 | 100% | +0.20 | 60% | +0.50 | 75% | +0.56 | 78% | +0.62 | 81% | +0.47 | 74% | +0.50 | 75% |
| Korea | n/a | – | 0 | 50% | +0.75 | 88% | +0.56 | 78% | +0.46 | 73% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.63 | 82% |
| Mexico | +1.00 | 100% | 0 | 50% | +0.25 | 63% | −0.14 | 43% | +0.58 | 79% | +0.67 | 84% | +0.69 | 85% |
| Russia | 0 | 50% | +0.40 | 70% | +0.38 | 69% | +0.13 | 57% | +0.59 | 80% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.63 | 82% |
| Saudi Arabia | n/a | – | +0.20 | 60% | −0.13 | 44% | −0.13 | 44% | +0.08 | 54% | +0.21 | 61% | +0.50 | 75% |
| South Africa | +1.00 | 100% | +0.40 | 70% | +0.63 | 82% | −0.14 | 43% | +0.33 | 67% | +0.47 | 74% | +0.47 | 74% |
| Türkiye | n/a | – | +0.20 | 60% | −0.25 | 38% | −0.14 | 43% | +0.17 | 59% | +0.20 | 60% | +0.25 | 63% |
| United Kingdom | +1.00 | 100% | +1.00 | 100% | +0.50 | 75% | +0.78 | 89% | +0.77 | 89% | +0.87 | 94% | +0.81 | 91% |
| United States | 0 | 50% | +0.40 | 70% | +1.00 | 100% | +0.33 | 67% | +0.38 | 69% | +0.53 | 77% | +0.81 | 91% |
| European Union | +1.00 | 100% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.38 | 69% | +0.57 | 79% | +0.82 | 91% | +0.85 | 93% | +0.75 | 88% |
| Average | +0.67 | 83% | +0.23 | 62% | +0.24 | 62% | +0.28 | 64% | +0.50 | 75% | +0.54 | 77% | +0.57 | 79% |
n/a = not available
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| Member | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | |||||||
| St. Petersburg 2013 |
Brisbane 2014 |
Antalya 2015 |
Hangzhou 2016 |
Hamburg 2017 |
Buenos Aires 2018 |
Osaka 2019 |
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| Argentina | +0.06 | 53% | +0.06 | 53% | +0.53 | 76% | +0.63 | 82% | +0.82 | 91% | +0.75 | 88% | +0.53 | 76% |
| Australia | +0.63 | 81% | +0.59 | 79% | +0.65 | 82% | +0.79 | 89% | +0.71 | 85% | +0.80 | 90% | +0.74 | 87% |
| Brazil | +0.31 | 66% | +0.12 | 56% | +0.53 | 76% | +0.58 | 79% | +0.82 | 91% | +0.70 | 85% | +0.47 | 74% |
| Canada | +0.44 | 72% | +0.71 | 85% | +0.65 | 82% | +0.84 | 92% | +0.94 | 97% | +0.75 | 88% | +0.79 | 89% |
| China | +0.19 | 59% | +0.59 | 79% | +0.59 | 79% | +0.74 | 87% | +0.76 | 88% | +0.75 | 88% | +0.42 | 71% |
| France | +0.69 | 84% | +0.63 | 81% | +0.71 | 85% | +0.63 | 82% | +0.94 | 97% | +1.00 | 100% | +0.71 | 85% |
| Germany | +0.75 | 88% | +0.69 | 84% | +0.71 | 85% | +0.79 | 89% | +0.88 | 94% | +0.65 | 83% | +0.88 | 94% |
| India | +0.63 | 81% | +0.59 | 79% | +0.65 | 82% | +0.63 | 82% | +0.82 | 91% | +0.75 | 88% | +0.58 | 79% |
| Indonesia | +0.50 | 75% | +0.12 | 56% | +0.18 | 59% | +0.53 | 76% | +0.94 | 97% | +0.45 | 73% | +0.32 | 66% |
| Italy | +0.44 | 72% | +0.13 | 56% | +0.71 | 85% | +0.32 | 66% | +0.76 | 88% | +0.35 | 68% | +0.65 | 82% |
| Japan | +0.31 | 66% | +0.65 | 82% | +0.35 | 68% | +0.68 | 84% | +0.76 | 88% | +0.55 | 78% | +0.58 | 79% |
| Korea | +0.38 | 69% | +0.65 | 82% | +0.53 | 76% | +0.68 | 84% | +0.71 | 85% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.42 | 71% |
| Mexico | +0.38 | 69% | +0.47 | 74% | +0.53 | 76% | +0.53 | 76% | +0.65 | 82% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.53 | 76% |
| Russia | +0.44 | 72% | +0.47 | 74% | +0.47 | 74% | +0.68 | 84% | +0.65 | 82% | +0.35 | 68% | +0.47 | 74% |
| Saudi Arabia | +0.06 | 53% | −0.24 | 38% | +0.35 | 68% | +0.42 | 71% | +0.59 | 79% | +0.45 | 73% | +0.42 | 71% |
| South Africa | +0.25 | 63% | −0.12 | 44% | +0.24 | 62% | +0.37 | 68% | +0.65 | 82% | +0.45 | 73% | +0.37 | 68% |
| Türkiye | +0.25 | 63% | 0 | 50% | +0.41 | 71% | +0.37 | 68% | +0.29 | 65% | +0.05 | 53% | +0.42 | 71% |
| United Kingdom | +0.75 | 88% | +0.76 | 88% | +0.71 | 85% | +0.47 | 74% | +0.94 | 97% | +0.25 | 63% | +0.74 | 87% |
| United States | +0.69 | 84% | +0.76 | 88% | +0.71 | 85% | +0.42 | 71% | +0.35 | 68% | +0.75 | 88% | +0.42 | 71% |
| European Union | +0.63 | 81% | +0.75 | 88% | +0.81 | 91% | +0.84 | 92% | +0.94 | 97% | +0.37 | 68% | +1.00 | 100% |
| Average | +0.44 | 72% | +0.42 | 71% | +0.55 | 77% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.75 | 87% | +0.57 | 78% | +0.57 | 79% |
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| Member | Final | Interim | Final | Interim | Final | Interim | Final | |||||||
| Riyadh 2020 |
Rome 2021 |
Bali 2022 |
New Delhi 2023 |
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| Argentina | +0.60 | 80% | +0.43 | 71% | +0.73 | 76% | +0.73 | 87% | +0.73 | 87% | +0.44 | 72% | +0.56 | 78% |
| Australia | +0.90 | 95% | +0.33 | 67% | +0.60 | 69% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.87 | 93% | +0.89 | 94% | +1.00 | 100% |
| Brazil | +0.65 | 83% | +0.19 | 60% | +0.53 | 71% | +0.53 | 77% | +0.53 | 77% | +0.67 | 83% | +0.89 | 94% |
| Canada | +0.85 | 93% | +0.57 | 79% | +0.64 | 81% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.80 | 90% | +0.78 | 89% | +1.00 | 100% |
| China | +0.70 | 85% | +0.48 | 74% | +0.53 | 76% | +0.53 | 77% | +0.67 | 83% | +0.67 | 83% | +0.56 | 78% |
| France | +0.90 | 95% | +0.50 | 75% | +0.21 | 80% | +0.21 | 61% | +0.29 | 64% | +0.67 | 83% | +0.78 | 89% |
| Germany | +1.00 | 100% | +0.75 | 88% | +0.79 | 88% | +0.71 | 86% | +0.87 | 93% | +0.78 | 89% | +0.78 | 89% |
| India | +0.35 | 68% | +0.24 | 62% | +0.67 | 67% | +0.67 | 83% | +0.73 | 87% | +0.44 | 72% | +0.44 | 72% |
| Indonesia | +0.55 | 78% | +0.10 | 55% | +0.47 | 60% | +0.47 | 73% | +0.47 | 73% | +0.56 | 78% | +0.56 | 78% |
| Italy | +0.63 | 82% | +0.35 | 68% | +0.50 | 73% | +0.50 | 75% | +0.57 | 79% | +0.89 | 94% | +0.89 | 94% |
| Japan | +0.75 | 88% | +0.62 | 81% | +0.67 | 83% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.67 | 83% | +0.89 | 94% | +0.89 | 94% |
| Korea | +0.95 | 98% | +0.24 | 62% | +0.73 | 71% | +0.73 | 87% | +0.80 | 90% | +0.78 | 89% | +0.78 | 89% |
| Mexico | +0.40 | 70% | +0.19 | 60% | 0 | 64% | 0 | 50% | +0.20 | 60% | +0.33 | 67% | +0.67 | 83% |
| Russia | +0.55 | 78% | 0.00 | 50% | +0.40 | 57% | +0.27 | 63% | +0.20 | 60% | 0 | 50% | 0.00 | 50% |
| Saudi Arabia | +0.65 | 83% | +0.14 | 57% | +0.53 | 62% | +0.53 | 77% | +0.67 | 83% | +0.44 | 72% | +0.56 | 78% |
| South Africa | +0.45 | 73% | 0.00 | 50% | −0.07 | 50% | −0.07 | 47% | +0.13 | 57% | +0.11 | 56% | +0.11 | 56% |
| Türkiye | +0.70 | 85% | +0.14 | 57% | −0.07 | 60% | −0.07 | 47% | 0 | 50% | +0.89 | 94% | +0.78 | 89% |
| United Kingdom | +0.95 | 98% | +0.81 | 90% | +0.80 | 95% | +0.80 | 90% | +0.80 | 90% | +0.56 | 78% | +0.78 | 89% |
| United States | +0.85 | 93% | +0.62 | 81% | +0.73 | 81% | +0.73 | 87% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.89 | 94% | +0.89 | 94% |
| European Union | +0.95 | 98% | +0.62 | 81% | +0.60 | 90% | +0.60 | 80% | +0.93 | 97% | +0.89 | 94% | +1.00 | 100% |
| Average | +0.72 | 86% | +0.37 | 68% | +0.50 | 73% | +0.48 | 74% | +0.58 | 78% | +0.63 | 81% | +0.69 | 85% |
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