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Analysis > Compliance

2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Interim Compliance Report

For the period of 11 September 2023 to 19 May 2024

Prepared by
Tisya Raina and Brinda Batra and the G20 Research Group

17 September 2024

The 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Interim Compliance Report reviews progress made on nine commitments were assessed based on actions taken between 11 September 2023 and 19 March 2024. A report covering the full period between the 2023 New Delhi Summit and the 2024 Rio Summit will be published in November 2024.

Download the full 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Interim Compliance Report (PDF, 382 pages).

On this page:

 Report sections can be downloaded separately:

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Preface

Since the G20 leaders met at their first summit in 2008 in Washington, the G20 Research Group at the University of Toronto has produced reports on their progress in implementing the priority commitments made at each summit. These reports monitor each G20 member’s efforts to implement a carefully chosen selection of the many commitments produced at each summit. The reports are offered to the general public and to policy makers, academics, civil society, the media and interested citizens around the world in an effort to make the work of the G20 more transparent, accessible and effective, and to provide scientific data to enable the meaningful analysis of the causes of compliance, including those that leaders can change to improve compliance and the impact of this important informal international institution. Previous reports are available at the G20 Information Centre at www.g20.utoronto.ca/compliance.

After initiating this G20 compliance research in 2009, after the Washington Summit in November 2008, the G20 Research Group has worked with the Center for International Institutions Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), and formerly with the International Organizations Research Institute at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, in Moscow. The initial report, covering only one commitment made at that summit, tested the compliance methodology developed by the G7 Research Group and adapted it to the G20.

Starting with the compliance reports for the 2023 New Delhi Summit, the G20 Research Group and RANEPA teams are issuing their compliance reports separately. This report therefore covers nine commitments selected for monitoring by the G20 Research Group.

To make its assessments, the G20 Research Group relies on publicly available information, documentation and media reports. To ensure accuracy, comprehensiveness and integrity, we encourage comments from stakeholders. Indeed, scores can be recalibrated if new material becomes available. All feedback remains anonymous. Responsibility for the contents of this report lies exclusively with the authors and analysts of the G20 Research Group.

Professor John Kirton
Director, G20 Research Group

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Introduction and Summary

The G20 2023 New Delhi Interim Compliance Report is prepared by the G20 Research Group based at the University of Toronto. The report analyzes compliance by G20 members with nine priority commitments selected from the total of 290 commitments made at the New Delhi Summit hosted by India on 9–10 September 2022. This interim report covers relevant actions taken by the G20 members between 11 September 2023 to 19 March 2024. A report covering the full period between the New Delhi Summit and the 2024 Rio de Janeiro Summit hosted by Brazil on 18–19 November 2024 will be published in early November.

Methodology and Scoring System

This report draws on the methodology developed by the G7 Research Group, which has been monitoring G7/8 compliance since 1996. The use of this methodology builds cross-institutional and cross-member consistency and also allows compatibility with compliance assessments of other institutions.

The methodology uses a scale from −1 to +1, where +1 indicates full compliance with the stated commitment, −1 indicates a failure to comply or action taken that is directly opposite to the stated instruments or goal of the commitment, and 0 indicates partial compliance or work in progress, such as initiatives that have been launched but are not yet near completion and whose full results can therefore not be assessed. Each member assessed receives a score of −1, 0 or +1 for each commitment. For convenience, the scores in the tables have been converted to percentages, where −1 equals 0 per cent and +1 equals 100 per cent.

[The formula to convert a score into a percentage is P = 50 × (S + 1), where P is the percentage and S is the score.]

A compliance score of −1 does not necessarily imply an unwillingness to comply on the part of G20 members. In some cases, policy actions can take multiple compliance cycles to implement and measure. As the G20 Research Group continues to monitor developments, progress made by members can be recorded in future compliance reports.

The Compliance Coding Manual that describes the methodology in detail is available on the G20 Information Centre website at www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/index.html#method.

Commitment Breakdown

The G20 made a total of 290 commitments at the New Delhi Summit. These commitments, as identified by the G20 Research Group, are drawn from the G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration.

[A commitment is defined as a discrete, specific, publicly expressed, collectively agreed statement of intent; a promise by summit members that they will undertake future action to move toward, meet or adjust to an identified target. More details are contained in the Reference Manual for Summit Commitment and Compliance Coding).]

Selection of Commitments

For each compliance cycle (that is, the period between summits), the research team selects commitments that reflect the breadth of the G20 agenda and also reflect the priorities of the summit’s host, while balancing the selection to allow for comparison with past and future summits, following the methodology developed by the G7 Research Group. The selection also replicates the breakdown of issue areas and the proportion of commitments in each one. Primary criteria for priority commitment selection are the comprehensiveness and relevance to the summit, the G20 and the world, as well as individual and collective pledges. Selected commitments must also meet secondary criteria of performance measurability and ability to comply to some degree within a year, as well as the tertiary criterion of significance as identified by scientific teams and relevant stakeholders in the host country.

For the 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Interim Compliance Report, nine priority commitments were selected for assessment by the G20 Research Group (see Table 1).

Interim Compliance Scores

This assessment is based on relevant, publicly available information relating to actions taken from 11 September 2023 to 19 May 2024. The interim compliance scores by commitment are contained in Table 2. Country rankings are listed in Table 3 and commitment rankings are listed in Table 4.

For the interim compliance period, including all nine commitments, G20 members achieved average compliance of +0.63 (81%).

Interim Compliance by Member

For interim compliance with the New Delhi Summit’s priority commitments, six members had the highest compliance at +0.89 (94%): Australia, Italy, Japan, Türkiye, the United States and the European Union. They were followed by Canada, Germany and Korea at +0.78 (89%), and Brazil, China and France at +0.67 (83%). India, which hosted the 2023 summit, placed 17th at +0.33 (67%). Russia had the lowest compliance at 0 (50%). The difference between the highest and lowest G20 member compliance is 0.89. All the scores by G20 members are listed in Table 3.

Interim Compliance by Commitment

At +0.95 (98%), the climate change commitment on funding had the highest interim compliance, followed by the commitments on artificial intelligence and on high quality education both at +0.90 (95%), and the commitment on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at +0.65 (83%). The commitment on mobilizing finance to support low- and middle-income countries in achieving the SDGs had the lowest compliance at +0.25 (63%). All the scores by commitment are listed in Table 4.

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Table 1: 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Commitments Selected for Compliance Monitoring
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1 To accelerate progress on SDGs [Sustainable Development Goals], we commit to taking collective action for effective and timely implementation of the G20 2023 Action Plan to Accelerate Progress on the SDGs, including its High-Level Principles. (2023-63)
2 Recognizing the imperative of achieving the SDGs, we will collectively mobilize more headroom and concessional finance to boost the World Bank’s capacity to support low and middle-income countries that need help in addressing global challenges, with a clear framework for the allocation of scarce concessional resources, and to provide strong support for the poorest countries. (2023-176)
3 [We will] Facilitate equitable access to safe, effective, quality-assured, and affordable vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics, and other medical countermeasures, especially in Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICs), LDCs [least developed countries] and SIDS [small island developing states]. (2023-101)
4 Take steps to promote the full and meaningful participation of women in a transitioning world of work by enabling inclusive access to employment opportunities, with a focus on closing the gender pay gap and ensuring women’s equal access to decent work and quality jobs. (2023-208)
5 We will undertake work to facilitate access to multilateral climate funds and enhance their leverage and ability to mobilize private capital. (2023-144)
6 Commit to accelerating innovations and investment focused on increasing agricultural productivity…to build more sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture and food systems. (2023-73)
7 To unlock the full potential of AI [artificial intelligence], equitably share its benefits and mitigate risks, we will work together to promote international cooperation and further discussions on international governance for AI. (2023-195)
8 We will unite in our endeavour to address the adverse impact of the war on the global economy. (2023-24)
9 We are committed to inclusive, equitable, high-quality education and skills training for all, including for those in vulnerable situations. (2023-106)

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Table 2: 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Interim Compliance Scores
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  Argentina Australia Brazil Canada China France Germany India Indonesia Italy Japan Korea Mexico Russia Saudi
Arabia		 South
Africa		 Türkiye United Kingdom United
States		 European Union Average
1 Development: Action on the SDGs +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 0 0 +1 0 +1 0 +1 +1 +0.65 83%
2 Development: Financing the SDGs 0 +1 0 0 0 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 −1 0 0 −1 0 −1 +1 0 +0.25 63%
3 Health: Access to Affordable Healthcare 0 0 0 0 +1 0 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 0 0 0 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +0.50 75%
4 Gender: Closing the Pay Gap −1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 −1 0 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 −1 0 0 +1 0 +1 +1 +0.40 70%
5 Climate Change: Facilitating Access to Funding +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +0.95 98%
6 Food and Agriculture: Investing in Food Systems +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 −1 +1 +1 0 0 +1 0 −1 −1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +0.50 75%
7 Digital Economy: Artificial Intelligence 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +0.90 95%
8 Macroeconomy: Addressing the Impacts of War +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0 +1 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 +1 +0.60 80%
9 Education: High Quality Education +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +0.90 95%
Final Score +0.44 +0.44 +0.89 +0.67 +0.78 +0.67 +0.67 +0.78 +0.44 +0.56 +0.89 +0.89 +0.78 +0.33 0.00 +0.44 +0.11 +0.89 +0.56 +0.89 +0.89 81%
72% 94% 83% 89% 83% 83% 89% 72% 78% 94% 94% 89% 67% 50% 72% 56% 94% 78% 94% 94% 81%  

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Table 3: 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Interim Compliance Scores
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Rank Member Average
1 Australia +0.89 94%
European Union
Italy
Japan
Türkiye
United States
7 Canada +0.78 89%
Germany
Korea
10 Brazil +0.67 83%
China
France
13 Indonesia +0.56 78%
United Kingdom
15 Argentina +0.44 72%
India
Saudi Arabia
18 Mexico +0.33 67%
19 South Africa +0.11 56%
20 Russia 0.00 50%

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Table 4: 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit Interim Compliance by Commitment
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Rank Issue Average
1 Climate Change: Funding +0.95 98%
2 Digital Economy: Artificial Intelligence +0.90 95%
Education: High Quality Education
4 Development: SDGs +0.65 83%
5 Macroeconomy: War +0.60 80%
6 Food and Agriculture: Food Systems +0.50 75%
Health: Affordable healthcare
8 Gender: Pay Gap +0.40 70%
9 Development: Finance +0.25 63%

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