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Look forward to key progress being achieved under the Roadmap to Infrastructure as an Asset Class in the following areas: a) Contractual and Financial Standardisation; b) Project Preparation: endorsement of the G20 Principles for the Infrastructure Project Preparation Phase, to help deliver a pipeline of well-prepared and bankable projects that are attractive to private investors; c) Bridging data gaps: through the Infrastructure Data Initiative that creates a global open infrastructure database; d) Financial engineering, risk allocation and mitigation: through the MDBs collaboration platform named SIGMA (Standard Infrastructure Guarantee MDB Approach).

Ask the MDB Infrastructure Cooperation Platform, to provide advice on its activities to improve MDB project preparation, standardisation of guarantees and credit enhancement tools, and data availability. Call on IWG to study the feasibility of new mechanisms to create portfolios of infrastructure assets.

Continue to work on Regulatory Frameworks & Capital Markets and Quality infrastructure with incoming presidencies concentrating only on aspects pertaining to the G20 Finance Track.

G20 Finance Ministers & Central Bank Governors March Communiqué

G20 Finance Ministers & Central Bank Governors July Communiqué

Roadmap to infrastructure as an asset class

G20 Principles for the Infrastructure Project Preparation Phase

G20 Finance Ministers & Central Bank Governors March Communiqué

Remain commited to the implementation of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting package.

Work together to seek a consensus-based solution to address the impacts of the digitalisation of the economy on the international tax system by 2020, with an update on the progress made by 2019.

Continue to support assistance to developing countries to build their tax capacity, including through the global Knowledge-Sharing Platform for Tax Administrations under the umbrella on the Platform for Collaboration on Tax.

Call for the Platform for Collaboration on Tax to develop its workplan on its commitments by the IMF/WBG Annual Meetings in 2018 and provide a progress report in 2019.

G20 Finance Ministers & Central Bank Governors March Communiqué

G20 Finance Ministers & Central Bank Governors July Communiqué

Reaffirm previous exchange rate commitments.

Use all policy tools – monetary, fiscal and structural – to achieve the goal of strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth.

G20 Finance Ministers & Central Bank Governors July Communiqué

G20 Finance Ministers & Central Bank Governors July Communiqué

G20 Menu of Policy Options for the Future of Work, July 2018

Develop national skills strategies that support successful and fair transitions between education, training and the world of work through an inclusive and lifelong learning approach, according to national and local circumstances.

Continue preparing our people from early childhood throughout adulthood with the appropriate knowledge, values and set of skills to facilitate access to and creation of quality jobs and personal development, fostering upskilling and reskilling thought their lives and building an active citizenship. Endorse the G20 Guidelines on Skills for an inclusive Future of Work in order to support the implementation of measures across a range of policies that increase skills development.

Promote formalization and decent work in all forms of employment, including digital platforms, by implementing the "Policy principles for promoting labour formalization and decent work in the Future of Work and in the platform economy" which provide a range of policy principles to be considered.

Take the priority actions identified in the "G20 Strategy to eradicate child labour, forced labour, human trafficking and modern slavery in the world of work" to make further progress on the commitment of eliminating these conditions by 2025, including the goal of fostering decent work for sustainable global supply chains.

Recall and renew the commitments on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMRC) that Leaders, Health and Agriculture Ministers have made under the German G20 Presidency.

Commit to implement policies based on the weight of scientific evidence in our efforts to tackle AMR and to promote appropriate access to the right drugs in the right dose at the right time, in an affordable manner and for the right duration of treatment.

Commit to share best practices and learn from the experiences and expertise of other G20 members to enhance our own national and regional One Health responses to AMR.

Commit to working together with relevant stakeholders including industry to develop new, safe, effective and affordable antimicrobials and maintain the global supply of existing drugs. Encourage the relevant industries to deliver on the pledges they made under the 2016 Industry Declaration on AMR.

Commit to take action to tackle malnutrition, with a special focus on childhood overweight and obesity, while acknowledging that under nutrition and micronutrient deficiency also remain a major cause of death and disease in many parts of the world.

Improve the availability of and access to healthy food choices through inter-sectorial efforts, promote healthy food environments, encourage food reformulation and food and nutritional labelling to help consumers take informed decisions, promote appropriate portion sized and encourage people to have healthy lifestyles based on healthy diets and physical activity, drawing as appropriate on the evidence base.

Collecting and evaluating evidence on best practices to prevent and address overweight and obesity among boys, girls and vulnerable populations.

Bridge the persistent health gaps between women and men. This includes improved access to quality health care as well as more equitable health work force participation, decent working conditions, management and leadership.

Encourage investment in the development and ongoing training of health workforce (...). Commit to cooperate across countries and sectors to build an adequately trained health workforce with suitable and safe work conditions.

Encourage cross-border, regional and international collaboration in the area of e-health such as sharing best practices and successful examples of e-health programs and services in particular effective policy design and practical implementation

Strengthening the capacity of all countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks are important components of health emergency preparedness for supporting Sustainable Development Goal 3.

Request WHO to further develop and review the Contingency Fund for Emergencies (CFE), review its performance and demonstrate its benefits. Encourage member states to contribute to the CFE in order to enable WHO to deliver rapid and adequate first response to health crisis.

Take steps to assist with, legal and practical measures including, but not limited to: fighting corruption in State-owned enterprises; strengthening awareness among SOE managers and employees for the need to combat corruption; encouraging SOE efforts to improve integrity and avoid corruption; strictly enforcing rules criminalising corruption and related misconduct; and managing and mitigating any damage inflicted by corruption.

The G20's High Level Principles for preventing corruption and ensuring integrity in state-owned enterprises should provide useful guidance to SOEs' governance bodies and employees on preventing corruption and promoting integrity in their organisations.

Taking concrete steps to prevent and manage 'conflict of interest', which arise when there is an actual, potential or apparent conflict between the public duty and the private interest of a public official, in which the official's private-capacity interest could improperly influence the performance of their official duties and responsibilities.

The G20 High-Level Principles for Preventing and Managing 'Confilict of Interest' in the Public Sector's identify a set of key concrete actions that G20 countries commit to undertake, in accordance to their needs, country context and domestic legal principles, to prevent actual, potential and apparent conflicts of interest. These focus on three core pillars: 1) developing standards and a system to prevent and manage 'conflict of interest', 2) fostering a culture of integrity and 3) enabling effective accountability

Background

Aiming at implementing the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the 2016 Hangzhou Summit, Leaders of the G20 at the Hamburg Summit 2017 committed to "engage in voluntary peer learning on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda". By adopting the Hamburg Update of the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda, the G20 further decided to "establish a voluntary peer learning mechanism on the 2030 Agenda, to ensure continuous improvement of our approaches and to be able to share our experiences and lessons learned with other countries worldwide". In the inaugural round of the G20 Voluntary Peer Learning Mechanism (VPLM), China, Mexico and Germany convened to champion the peer learning exercise focused on aligning national sustainable development strategies and plans with the 2030 Agenda and strengthening horizontal and vertical policy coherence, and international cooperation.

The first Voluntary Peer Learning round among China, Germany and Mexico was organized between September 2017 and April 2018, consisting of two virtual meetings and one on-site meeting in Mexico City. Argentina, UNDP and OECD joined the meetings as observers. Drawing from deliberations during the three meetings, this policy brief intends to communicate the main contents and results of the peer learning exercise with focus on catalytic factors, challenges identified and lessons learned on both, the national implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the peer learning exercise itself.

1. Main takeaways from national implementation of the 2030 Agenda

Dedicated long-term sustainable development strategies or plans to implement the 2030 Agenda domestically are or will be in place in the three countries. Due to the high political significance of the 2030 Agenda and its crosscutting and integrated approach, all three countries have mandated either central government or key ministries and offices with overseeing the national implementation. Comparable instruments such as inter-ministerial bodies and coordinating mechanisms as well as focal points or coordinators in each ministry were established to foster horizontal coherence and a whole-of-government approach to avoid silo thinking and enhance integrated, cross-sectoral approaches.

For example, Germany has established a State Secretaries' Committee on Sustainable Development in which all ministries are represented to ensure policy coherence in line with the German Sustainable Development Strategy and to create a whole-of-government approach. It also introduced a mandatory Sustainability Impact Assessment for all new laws and regulations. Mexico launched the National Council for the Implementation of 2030 Agenda and reformed the Planning Law to integrate the 2030 Agenda in the National Planning System. China established an inter-agency coordination mechanism comprised of 43 government departments, with an approach of transitioning from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high quality development.

The sub-national implementation of the 2030 Agenda needs to take into account varying local circumstances. Sub-national governments need to be able to set their own priorities, in line with the central/federal overall strategy. At the same time, it is important to utilize the 2030 Agenda as a common objective for the various levels of engagement. To promote vertical coherence and accelerate transformation, spaces for innovation and piloting were identified as key instrument for providing references and flexibility for learning and upscaling.

In Germany, the majority of the Federal States have created their own Sustainable Development Strategies inspired by the national Strategy and regularly exchange views on Sustainable Development with the federal level. Mexico is advancing in establishing 32 state level mechanisms for the implementation and follow-up of the 2030 Agenda. China's National Innovation Demonstration Zones for Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are problem-targeted programs aimed at providing innovative solutions to specific development bottlenecks or obstacles.

The three countries recognized that effective communication tailored to different audiences and multi-stakeholder dialogues are fundamental to raise awareness and engagement for a whole-of-society approach. Dialogue with and among actors promotes knowledge, ownership and opportunities for collaboration. Specific channels for engaging, inter alia, business, civil society and academia and have been identified, to promote their participation in contributing to the development and implementation of (national) strategies, monitoring progress of implementation, or promoting their own behavioral transformation. The three countries utilize existing and newly created dialogue platforms to ensure multi-stakeholder engagement.

China shared their new vision of innovative, coordinated, green and open development that is for everyone, which is their underlining development philosophy that resonates with the thrust of the 2030 Agenda and helps promote people's awareness of the Agenda. Under the leadership of the German Federal Chancellery, the German "Sustainability Forum" regularly brings together key stakeholder groups. These are also represented in a "Council for Sustainable Development", which provides policy advice and stimulates public debates about SD. Mexico is conducting regular dialogues with each group, and particularly with civil society, co-designing the format of dialogue and collaboration.

The three countries are mainstreaming the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their overall national strategies or planning processes and have defined how to monitor progress towards achieving the SDGs. A precondition for effective monitoring is reliable data and functioning statistical systems. However, collecting data is not a means in itself. Ultimately, the data should be used to improve policymaking for the people with the goal of leaving no one behind. Therefore, we need a balance between what is measurable today, what is necessary and useful and what is still missing.

Strategic monitoring requires a long term, cyclic approach, in order to internalize the use of data for identifying gaps and formulating recommendations for policymaking. Accountability and transparency are important to the monitoring and review process. The independence of national statistical offices to analyze and evaluate progress is helpful to measure effective implementation. China conducted the review of its implementation efforts simultaneously with annual assessment of the progress in achieving the 13th Five Year Plan. China also issues progress reports, the first of which was made public in 2017, to assess progress, identify challenges and advise future work. Third party evaluation mechanisms have also been established to review specific goals such as poverty reduction. The German Federal Statistical Office publishes annually an independent report on the state of implementation of the German Sustainable Development Strategy. In addition, a group of international peers is currently scrutinizing the Strategy itself. Mexico is taking advantage of the multidimensional poverty measurement and statistical structures that have been in place since before the adoption of the 2030 Agenda. The National Institute of Statistics and Geography is working on the development of a public website to track indicators.

The implementation of the 2030 Agenda calls to strengthen the sense of global responsibility and partnership. National sustainable development strategies need to both contribute to global public goods provision and recognize that domestic actions have global impacts. These strategies should seek to provide positive global footprint and spillovers, as well as explore ways to measure and assess global impacts of domestic action (e.g. sustainable consumption and production patterns, poverty reduction, food security, climate, and energy action).

Furthermore, all three countries have designed international cooperation initiatives aimed at supporting developing countries to implement the 2030 Agenda. Germany's "Germany has aligned its whole development cooperation with the 2030 Agenda and has e.g. initiated a 2030 Implementation Initiative as well as the transnational multi-stakeholder network 'Partners for Review' that brings together government and other stakeholders involved in the SDGs national review and monitoring process. The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda sub-fund of China's UN Peace and Development Fund are supporting developing countries effort to implement the 2030 Agenda, especially in the field of poverty reduction, infrastructure, innovation and social development. Building on the MDG network of Mesoamerican experts, Mexico is proposing a regional SDG network in Latin America to exchange experiences for improved implementation and encourage South-South and triangular cooperation as tools to shorten the distance between challenges and possible solutions.

2. Further political and institutional challenges revealed

• Effective coordination: The creation of coordination structures and inter-ministerial bodies is necessary and represents a step in the right direction, but in some cases does not by itself guarantee policy coherence. Administrative costs need to be taken into account, too. Similarly, effective ways of ensuring participation and active involvement of relevant stakeholders in developing and implementing strategies remain a key challenge. Adapting communication and participatory processes to the different audiences and stakeholders can be part of the solution. Institutionalized mechanisms as well as a continuous assessment of their functioning can be helpful in order to facilitate meaningful participation.
• Setting priorities: Adhering to the integrated nature of the 2030 Agenda while ensuring policy prioritization according to national contexts remains a central issue for discussion. Holistic approaches to sustainable development helps to avoid cherry picking of selective SDGs. Regarding vertical policy coherence, diverging interests between national and sub-national level may need to be taken into account. On the horizontal coherence dimension, there is no single approach to addressing interdependencies across goals and targets.
• Monitoring with purpose: There are risks of overburdening national statistical systems for the 2030 Agenda follow-up and review process. What is measurable is not always necessarily appropriate for a national strategy. Data and indicators are relevant only if used to inform decision-making. At the same time, decision-makers may need to have a sufficiently broad array of social, economic and environmental data at their disposal. This is only possible with strengthened statistical capacities and capabilities.
• Incentives for behavioral change: There is a broad acceptance of the fact that the implementation of the 2030 Agenda requires a fundamental transformation in the way of thinking and acting about economic and social development, that is, to move away from business as usual and spur cultural change and changes in individual lifestyles. Incentives can also produce behavioral change, but taking into account their complexities and potential effects and risks (for example due to one-sided application).
• Global impacts of national implementation: While national strategies need to strive for positive global impacts and spillover effects of domestic actions and properly address interdependence issues, closer international dialogue, cooperation and coordination are required. For example, global partnerships with the private sector in specific sectors can be conducive to foster sustainable production and consumption in global supply chains. Innovative approaches taking into account the global context are necessary to design national policies.

3. Lessons learnt on the peer learning process

The VPLM exchange has not only been important for countries to learn from each other about their national implementation approaches, but to engage in a critical assessment and constructive feedback on their own efforts and plans. Such feedback from other countries could inspire the adjustment of policies and redirect efforts in case of unforeseen issues.

For instance, inspired by China, Mexico will explore how to further promote innovation and pilot deep transformation initiatives. China will continue a broader social involvement taking into account Germany's dialogue experiences. Germany is interested in how Mexico links its budget to the SDGs.

This 1st VPLM round among China, Germany and Mexico showed that despite their differences, the three countries face similar challenges. Although each country is implementing the 2030 Agenda according to national context, common catalytic factors were identified.

The extensive exchange between the participating countries helped to develop a sense of network formation and interest in further exchange and mutual learning, even beyond the limits of the current VPLM round.

The VPLM promoted the active engagement of relevant national agencies involved in the design, implementation and monitoring of policies for sustainable development. In this respect, it offers a valuable space to promote cross-sectoral debate that feeds into the DWG and other G20 work streams.

This pioneer VPLM round has generated a remarkable knowledge sharing dynamic and a shared sense of responsibility. Lessons learned in this round are directly related to common characteristics of the G20 membership, where (a) vertical coherence can impose a critical challenge, especially in federally organized nations, (b) monitoring and statistics need to address varying conditions across institutions and regions, and (c) the global dimension of policy action needs further attention. The results of the VPLM round also revealed that G20 initiatives have tangible results.

This VPLM focused particularly on sharing experiences on coordinating processes and underlying structures that will support future policy implementation and follow-up. The format allowed for a detailed analysis of experiences, directly from the experts involved in the implementation. Such practice is complementary to and supportive of the central role of the UN follow-up and review process, led by the High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF).

For countries involved in this VPLM international cooperation is an integral dimension of national implementation of the 2030 Agenda, and indeed peer learning is a particularly useful tool. In line with the universal approach of the Agenda, the diversity of actors and possible approaches that G20 members can share confirm that there is no one-size-fits-all in implementing the 2030 Agenda and that every country has valuable experiences to share, regardless of their income and development level.

Recommendations for conducting future VPLM cycles

While each country has to implement the 2030 Agenda taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of development while respecting national policies and priorities, peer learning on best practices has shown clear benefits and added value for every country. Peer learning among G20 members intends to capitalize on G20's diversity, thus enriching in-depth exchange. The results of this first voluntary peer learning round have shown that the VPLM will contribute to improving the implementation of the SDGs.

Concerning the design of future rounds, key recommendations are as follows:

• We recommend the VPLM to continue throughout future presidencies and encourage increased participation from G20 members, with the option to invite non-G20 countries. The G20 community is unique as it encourages interregional learning and closer interaction.
• Inviting the incoming G20 presidency as at least observers creates ownership for the respective VPLM.
• The mix between face-to-face and virtual meetings has proven to be effective in moving from knowledge sharing to learning.
• Small VPLM groups and dynamic formats create the environment for greater depth and openness in the sharing process.
• Participation of national officials and experts beyond the DWG delegates is vital for the substance of the exchange but also, to foster coherence between the DWG and the policy implementation level.
• The VPLM exercise should encourage insightful debates about internal processes, catalytic conditions, risks and indirect effects and results of the experiences shared.
• Third-party participation, for example international organizations such as UNDP and the OECD can provide additional expertise, facilitation of discussions and external views so as to encourage critical reflection (at the discretion of each VPLM group).
• Sharing and disseminating the VPLM results beyond the DWG make the case for the value added of international cooperation and, particularly, for knowledge exchange and peer learning as positive tools for improvement and capacity strengthening.
• There is an evolution of the national experiences for domestic implementation included in the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted at the Hangzhou Summit and this VPLM round. A qualitative set of updated experiences can inform VPLM rounds.

Executive Summary

1. Which specific policy and institutional challenges were addressed through this peer learning round?

• The three countries mainly focused on how to improve cooperation with the private sector for SDG implementation and how governments can stimulate private sector action and be a constructive partner,
• During the peer learning exercise, two connected topics emerged as common interests for further exchange: i) data availability, particularly how to improve the availability of statistical measuring points to monitor SDG progress, and ii) policy coherence, how to maintain the integrity of Agenda 2030 in practice – that is, having different government agencies, civil society, academia and private sector standing on the SFG platform and pulling in the same direction.

2. Which approaches / solutions were shared by which countries

• Norway works through UN COMPACT with Norwegian Business Council for exchanging views with businesses. The Netherlands has the SDG Charter, platform for all stakeholders on SDG engagement and partnership formation, e.g. organizing stakeholder conferences and facilitating consultation. Dutch Sustainable Growth Coalition is coalition of 8 large multinationals. Advocates SDGs as core objective for both public and private sector. Mexico has conducted dialogues with the private sector to inform the 2030 Agenda national implementation strategy.
• Both Norway and The Netherlands have a dedicated team at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs coordinating private sector cooperation on SDGs / sustainable development. The Mexican Agency of International Development Cooperation launched the Partnership for Sustainability, a platform to engage private sector in development cooperation initiatives to contribute to the SDGs.
• In The Netherlands multinationals are actively integrating SDGs in their business plans and participate in meetings to spur SDG progress. Smaller companies are increasingly trying to identify their (positive) impact beyond solely focusing on profit.
• Both Norway and The Netherlands report annually to parliament on SDG-implementation, including private sector initiatives.
• The Netherlands has developed specific financial mechanisms for private sector engagement. Each mechanism is crafted for a specific audience with clear eligibility criteria, which contributes to the accountability and transparency of the collaboration. Public funds from Norway cannot be directed to the private sector, but can support enabling elements such as feasibility studies, technology transfer among others.

• Mexico created a strong coordination network of working groups, technical committees and executive boards to feed thematic data measurement outcomes into a national information system. The current system led by the National institute of Statistics and Geography emerged from the structures and lessons learned from the MDG era.
• The Netherlands National Statistics Office conducted an inventory of available data to measure the SDGs among stakeholders. This boosted data availability from 37% to 50%.
• A recent report from Statistics Norway display the SDGs with respective targets and global indicators. The reports assess the relevance to Norway of each target and indicators. Line Ministries are in dialogue with Statistics Norway on how to include global indicators in national reporting, and if needed defining indicators that are particular to the local context.

• Norway is in the process of formalizing a national approach to policy coherence. An inter-ministerial group will form the core, but it will also engage a broad spectre of actors.
• Mexico created the National Council for the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for inter-ministerial coordination and reformed the Planning Law to integrate the 2030 Agenda tin the national planning system. Mexico is also advancing in establishing 32 state level mechanisms for the local implementation and follow up.
• In The Netherlands SDG action is coordinated by an inter-ministerial group of focal points, ensuring all relevant departments are involved.
• To put into practice its climate ambitions, The Netherlands has integrated the Ministries of Economic Affairs, Energy and Climate.

3. What are the key catalytic factors of these approaches / solutions?

• Establish or work with an existing platform to structure collaboration.
• Give space for private sector to take active role, e.g. through consultations; working in consortium; co-creating solutions based on common goals.
• Important to focus and involve small and medium enterprises, including social enterprises, especially at the local level.
• The dialogue must be reciprocal. Public sector will have to be responsive to calls by the private sector to cooperate on themes deemed by the private sector as pivotal for success.
• Public sector should also address concerns by the private sector regarding the transition form dialogue to action so as to proof commitment and value added of working together.

Data availability

• Creating a non-political entity to coordinate statistical measuring.
• Close collaboration with Nationals Statistics Agencies.
• Working in partnership with other organizations, such as other ministries, civil society and knowledge institutes, to retrieve SDG-relevant information from their databases.
• Local indicators need to be connected to global monitoring framework in order to secure comparability and for measuring global progress.
• Data disaggregation remains a large challenge for all countries.
• Ensuring an open, inclusive process with stakeholder participation.

Policy coherence

• Will require broad participation of all actors involved in international development policies at national levels. To make that possible, it must be founded on a commonly accepted platform and set of principles. The 2030 Agenda is such a platform. Inclusive and equitable policies are essential for effective policy coherence.
• Success in policy coherence will hinge on to which extent the public sector, civil society, academia and private sector share a common vision that defines coherence as a pillar in respective actor's policy decisions.

4. How can we support low income countries in implementing the 2030 Agenda?

Improving private sector involvement in SDG implementation aims to:

• Boost investments in partner countries in line with the SDGs, including reflecting values inherent in SDG 16;
• Bring private sector development into the partner policy dialogue, with emphasis on predictable frame work conditions and equitable access to necessary financial instruments;
• Contribute to a sustainable private sector in developing regions;
• Improve effectiveness of development cooperation;
• Reduce risks for unsustainable practices in the value chain of consumer goods

Data availability

• Invest in capacity building for statistical systems.
• Build on and expand existing cooperation with Statistical Bureaus/Auditor General in partner countries.

Policy coherence

• The division between aid programmes and national development plans is, in lieu of the 2030 Agenda, getting increasingly artificial. Ownership to policy coherence may therefore be more tied to the aid provider than to the receiver.
• Investing in a strong, legitimate multilateral system to ensure a coherent UN approach to SDG implementation.
• Ensuring international cooperation policies are in line with the SDGs.

5. With a view to their respective domestic processes, what are participating countries taking away from this exchange?

• Mexico is interested in learning about the specific operation and follow-up processes from The Netherlands and Norway of financial mechanisms to support or enable private sector engagement.
• Norway recognized the thoroughness in the Dutch and Mexican approaches. There is support for Policy Coherence as a vehicle for Sustainable development, based on the common observation that the 2030 agenda is the principal driver for PC. A follow up between the three countries on how policy coherence at home can bolster implementation of the Agenda nationally as well as internationally, can turn out to be a game changer.
• The three countries agreed on continuing the peer learning communication on a monthly basis among private sector engagement professionals in order to share operational details of private sector engagement mechanisms and provide continuous feedback.

6. To which extent did this peer learning round add value to the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda

(Briefly explain why this peer learning round was relevant to the G20 Action Plan, and what the DWG might take away as main contents for future collective actions on implementing the 2030 Agenda, max 200 words)

• The peer learning exercise brings countries closer and increase mutual understanding of the structures involved in the 2030 Agenda.
• The VPLM allowed for the engagement of national actors that are not usually directly working with the G20.
• The Netherlands and Mexico, as members of the Inclusive Business Steering Committee will be able to connect the dots between the continuous exchanges among private sector experts and the G20 DWG discussions.
• The continuation of the peer learning exchanges reflects that the G20 VPLM has value added and is relevant for countries even beyond the G20

7. What lessons emerged from future peer learning rounds?

• The three countries decided for a flexible approach to the peer learning exercise. Such flexibility enabled a stronger connection between the participants and therefore, the willingness to extend the exchange.
• Small groups and working documents and previous comparative analysis allowed for greater depth in the discussion as well as diversity in the exchange.
• The main focus of the exchange were the processes, challenges and catalytic factors that allowed for progress; such approach reflects that the VPLM fulfils its purpose of sharing for learning and mutual strengthening rather than sharing for comparative ends and showcasing.
• Peer learning can promote future cooperation among different parts of the government of g20 countries, which can continue even after the peer learning.