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Analysis

The Rio Summit’s Solid Decision-Making Performance

John Kirton and Brittaney Warren, G20 Research Group
November 19, 2024

In their decision-making performance, in the G20 Rio de Janeiro Leaders’ Declaration leaders made 174 collective, precise, future-oriented, politically binding commitments (see Appendix A). This was substantially fewer than the 242 made at New Delhi in 2023, the 223 made at Bali in 2022 and the 255 made at Rome in 2021. It was also below the average of 196 commitments made at each G20 summit from their start in 2008.

By the declaration’s sections, according to the titles and sections they contained, the distribution of commitments was as follows:

The number and portion of commitments faithfully followed the order and prominence of the priorities that Brazilian president Lula da Silva had set from the start, with social equality first, ecological sustainability second, global governance reform third and artificial intelligence added later. The only surprise was political security, with six commitments in the first section, joining the 13 traditional economic commitments there.

By the core subject of each individual commitment, defined primarily by the specified welfare outcome or goal that it sought to achieve, the number of commitments was distributed as follows:

They covered a wide range of 20 different subjects. Here climate change came first, with 28 commitments for 16% of the total. Development came second with 25 for 14%. Institutional reform came third with 18 for 10%. And the environment came fourth with 17 for another 10%.

Thus Lula’s second summit priority of ecological sustainability came first by far, with the 28 climate change commitments and the 17 environment ones, ranking first and fourth, and together constituting 30% of the total. Adding the seven energy commitments for 4% raised the ecological bundle to 34%, or a full one third.

In contrast, Lula’s first-placed summit priority of equality had development in second place, health in fifth, gender equality in eighth, and its signature subject of food and agriculture only in ninth, with seven commitments for 4% of the 174 total. Together they took only 29% of the total. Adding the lower ranked subject included under equality raised the total to 38%.

Lula’s third-placed summit priority of global governance reform was a distant third, as the commitments in institutional reform took only 10% of the total.

Appendix A: G20 Rio de Janeiro Leaders' Declaration Commitments ↩

1. We gather in the birthplace of the Sustainable Development Agenda to reaffirm our commitment to building a just world and a sustainable planet, while leaving no one behind. (development)

International Economic and Political Situation

2. Together, we share a collective responsibility for the effective stewardship of the global economy, fostering the conditions for sustainable, resilient and inclusive global growth. (macroeconomics)
3. We remain committed to support developing countries in responding to global crises and challenges and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. (development)
4. [We recognize that inequality within and among countries is at the root of most global challenges that we face and is aggravated by them.] We will accelerate our efforts (development)
5. [We]…reaffirm our strong commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals. (development)
6. We will continue to foster strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth (macroeconomics)
7. [We will continue to] … address cost of living pressures (macroeconomics)
8. [We will continue to] … safeguard fiscal sustainability and mitigate negative spillovers. (macroeconomics)
9. Our central banks remain strongly committed to achieving price stability in line with their respective mandates. (macroeconomics)
10. Our fiscal policies will safeguard fiscal sustainability and rebuild buffers, remain growth-friendly, and catalyze public and private investments towards productivity enhancing reforms. (macroeconomics)
11. We will continue to strive to reduce growth disparities across countries through structural reforms. (macroeconomics)
12. We reaffirm the April 2021 exchange rate commitment made by our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. (macroeconomics)
13. We also reaffirm our commitment to promote an open, resilient, inclusive, and stable financial system, which supports economic growth, and is grounded in full, timely and consistent implementation of agreed international standards, supported by on-going policy coordination. (financial stability)
14. We reiterate our commitment to further promote sustainable capital flows and fostering sound policy frameworks, notably central bank independence. (macroeconomics)
15. Concerning the ongoing conflicts and wars, we reiterate our national positions and resolutions adopted at the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly and underscore that all states must act in a manner consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the UN Charter in its entirety. (regional security)
16. While expressing our deep concern about the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and the escalation in Lebanon, we emphasize the urgent need to expand the flow of humanitarian assistance and to reinforce the protection of civilians [and demand the lifting of all barriers to the provision of humanitarian assistance at scale.] (regional security)
17. Affirming the Palestinian right to self-determination, we reiterate our unwavering commitment to the vision of the two-State solution where Israel and a Palestinian State live side by side in peace within secure and recognized borders, consistent with international law and relevant UN resolutions. (regional security)
18. We are united in support for a comprehensive ceasefire in Gaza in line with UN Security Council Resolution n. 2735 … to return safely to their homes on both sides of the Blue Line. (regional security)
19. We are united in support for …in Lebanon that enables citizens to return safely to their homes on both sides of the Blue Line. (regional security)
20. We recommit to advancing the goal of a world free of nuclear weapons and a safer place for all and will uphold our obligations in this regard. (non-proliferation)

Social Inclusion and the Fight against Hunger and Poverty

21. We underscore the G20 commitment to the importance of food security and nutrition and of the progressive realization of the right to adequate food as reaffirmed through the Deccan High-Level Principles. (food and agriculture)
22. While recognizing there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the challenges of agriculture and food systems, we commit to support developing countries to enhance their capacity for sustainable food production and marketing. (food and agriculture)
23. We also renew our commitment to work towards sustainably increasing agricultural productivity (food and agriculture)
24. [We also renew our commitment to work towards]… reducing food loss and waste including by increasing our efforts to achieve the UN SDG 12.3 target on food losses and waste. (food and agriculture)
25. We also aim to address the challenges of fertilizer shortages, including through strengthening local production, trade, increase fertilizer efficiency, and utilize biofertilizers while addressing the need to improve soil health and minimize water pollution. (food and agriculture)
26. We further commit to enhancing additional tools and mechanisms to fight inequalities, such as scaling up development cooperation, including North-South, South-South, and triangular cooperation (development)
27. [We further commit to]… the unlocking of resources through multilateral development banks and innovative financial tools and mechanisms, such as blended finance, that can promote sustainable flows of concessional resources, with clear allocation frameworks to support low- and middle-income countries most in need. (development)
28. We remain committed to the United Nations Development Agenda [and look forward to the success of the 4th International Conference on Financing for Development, in Seville, Spain in 2025.] (development)
29. We also reaffirm our commitment to help developing countries better integrate into the global industrial, value and supply chains (development)
30. We also reaffirm our commitment to help developing countries …accelerate their industrialization and modernization process, as part of our efforts to promote sustainable development and to fight inequalities. (development)
31. We reaffirm our shared commitments and our dedication to lead by example in the global efforts against corruption and related illicit financial flows. (crime and corruption)
32. We will make the best use of GlobE Network and other international anti-corruption networks. (crime and corruption)
33. We endorse the Rio de Janeiro G20 Ministerial Declaration on International Tax Cooperation. (international taxation)
34. With full respect to tax sovereignty, we will seek to engage cooperatively to ensure that ultra-high-net-worth individuals are effectively taxed. [Cooperation could involve exchanging best practices, encouraging debates around tax principles, and devising anti-avoidance mechanisms, including addressing potentially harmful tax practices.] (international taxation)
35. We reiterate our commitment to the October 2021 Statement of the IF (international taxation)
36. [We reiterate our commitment to]… the swift implementation of the Two-Pillar Solution by all interested jurisdictions, including expeditious negotiations on the final package of Pillar One. (international taxation)
37. We continue constructive discussion at the United Nations on the development of a Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation and its protocols. (international taxation)
38. We recognize the need to scale up resources from all sources for the fight against hunger and poverty and, in support of this and other development goals, aim to reach a robust and impactful IDA 21 replenishment, including an expansion of its donor country base and continued support from existing donors (food and agriculture)
39. [We recognize the need to scale up resources from all sources for the fight against hunger and poverty and, in support of this and other development goals, aim to reach a robust]… replenishment of other important regional instruments such as the African Development Fund. (development)
40. We encourage the IMF and World Bank to continue their work related to feasible options which are country-specific and on a voluntary basis to help those countries and report back to G20 Finance Ministers next year. (development)
41. We are striving to promote the social, economic, and political inclusion and empowerment of all, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies, and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies, and action in this regard, in particular on combating racism and promoting ethnic and racial equality. (social policy)
42. We support the conducting of the WHO Investment Round as an additional measure for financing the WHO activities. (health)
43. We remain committed to building more resilient, equitable, sustainable, and inclusive health systems for the provision of integrated people-centered health services, including mental health (health)
44. [We remain committed to]… achieve Universal Health Coverage, focusing on improving essential health services and health systems to better than pre-pandemic levels in the next one to two years. (health)
45. We support strengthening health workforce training, including through the WHO Academy. (health)
46. We also reaffirm our commitment to ending the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria (health)
47. [We also reaffirm our commitment for]… polio eradication. (health)
48. We will promote coordination and advance discussions on scaling up investments in health-related SDGs (health)
49. [We will promote coordination and advance discussions on scaling up investments in]…Prevention, Preparedness, and Response to pandemics, and, in this regard, recognize the contribution of the Pandemic Fund and other financing initiatives. (health)
50. We support the conclusion of the ongoing negotiations to draft and negotiate a WHO convention, agreement, or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response, which aims to complement the International Health Regulations (IHR), with full respect for sovereignty of individual States. (health)
51. We reiterate our commitment to an instrument that is ambitious, balanced, effective and fit-for-purpose, including equitable access to medical countermeasures during pandemics. (health)
52. We, therefore, support the promotion of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems that are inclusive, integrated, sustainable, and gender-responsive to build resilience to the impacts of biodiversity loss, climate change, environmental degradation, water-borne diseases, disasters, and pollution. (health)
53. We commit to the principles of inclusion, social participation and accessibility, for the full exercise of cultural rights, confronting racism, discrimination and prejudice (social policy)
54. We encourage countries to enhance international cooperation, collaboration and exchange towards the development of the creative economy. (culture and tourism)
55. We reaffirm our commitment to the relevant UNESCO culture conventions. (culture and tourism)
56. We reaffirm our commitment to support policies that promote the contribution of those working in the culture, arts and heritage sectors (culture and tourism)
57. We encourage strengthening the protection of cultural heritage, including historical monuments and religious sites. (culture and tourism)
58. We commit to harness the potential of digital and emerging technologies to reduce inequalities. (digitization)
59. In this sense, we emphasize the need for digital platforms` transparency and responsibility in line with relevant policies and applicable legal frameworks and will work with platforms and relevant stakeholders in this regard. (digitization)
60. We reaffirm our commitments to … protect workers’ rights as described in the International Labour Organization’s Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (labour and employment)
61. [We reaffirm our commitments to] empowering workers and eradicating forced labor (human rights)
62. [We reaffirm our commitments to] ending modern slavery and human trafficking (human rights)
63. [We reaffirm our commitments to] eliminating all forms of child labor; (human rights)
64. [We reaffirm our commitments] to ensure occupational safety and health (labour and employment)
65. [We reaffirm our commitments] access to adequate social protection for all workers; (labour and employment)
66. [We reaffirm our commitments] to focus our efforts and policies on guaranteeing a just transition in all sectors; (labour and employment)
67. [We reaffirm our commitments] to bridge digital divides and prioritize the inclusion of people in vulnerable situations; (digitization)
68. [We reaffirm our commitments] to develop and implement comprehensive policies that dismantle discriminatory social and cultural norms (social policy)
69. [[We reaffirm our commitments … to develop and implement comprehensive policies that dismantle]… legal barriers to ensure women’s equal, full and meaningful participation in our economies (gender)
70. [We reaffirm our commitments] to promote social dialogue and collective bargaining. (social policy)
71. We … reaffirm our full commitment to gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. (gender)
72. We encourage women-led development and will promote the full, equal, effective and meaningful participation and leadership of women in all sectors and at all levels of the economy, which is crucial to the growth of global GDP. (gender)
73. [Acknowledging that gender-based violence, including sexual violence against women and girls, is alarmingly high across public and private spheres, we condemn every form of discrimination against women and girls and] recall our commitment to end gender-based violence including sexual violence (gender)
74. [Acknowledging that gender-based violence, including sexual violence against women and girls, is alarmingly high across public and private spheres, we condemn every form of discrimination against women and girls and] recall our commitment to … combat misogyny online and offline. (gender)
75. We commit to promoting gender equality in paid and unpaid care work to ensure equal, full and meaningful participation of women in the economy, by promoting social and gender co-responsibility, encouraging and facilitating men's and boys’ equal involvement in care work and challenging gender norms that prevent equitable distribution and redistribution of caregiving responsibilities. (gender)
76. As we approach the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, we will strengthen our efforts to fulfill its implementation, including the outcome documents of its review conferences. (gender)
77. We commit to implementing the G20 Roadmap Towards and Beyond the Brisbane Goal (gender)
78. We commit to accelerating international disaster risk reduction cooperation in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. (climate change)
79. We emphasize the critical role of a disaster preparedness approach and the need for investment in people, goods and infrastructure for disaster risk reduction. (climate change)
80. We reaffirm our commitment to support migrants, including migrant workers and refugees in our efforts towards a more inclusive world, in line with national policies, legislations and circumstances, ensuring full respect for the human rights and their fundamental freedoms regardless of their migration status. (migration and refugees)
81. We support strengthening cooperation between countries of origin, transit and destination. (migration and refugees)
82. We will continue the dialogue on migration and forced displacement during future Presidencies. (migration and refugees)

Sustainable Development, Energy Transitions and Climate Action

83. We reaffirm our respective commitments to scale up urgent action to address the crises and challenges posed by climate change (climate change)
84. [We reaffirm our respective commitments to scale up urgent action to address the crises and challenges posed by]… biodiversity loss (environment)
85. [We reaffirm our respective commitments to scale up urgent action to address the crises and challenges posed by]… desertification (environment)
86. [We reaffirm our respective commitments to scale up urgent action to address the crises and challenges posed by]… ocean degradation (environment)
87. [We reaffirm our respective commitments to scale up urgent action to address the crises and challenges posed by]… land degradation (environment)
88. [We reaffirm our respective commitments to scale up urgent action to address the crises and challenges posed by]… drought (environment)
89. [We reaffirm our respective commitments to scale up urgent action to address the crises and challenges posed by]… pollution. (environment)
90. We reaffirm our strong commitment to multilateralism, especially in the light of the progress made under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement and reiterate our resolve to remain united in the pursuit of efforts to achieve the purpose and long-term goals of the Agreement. (climate change)
91. We reaffirm the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. (climate change)
92. We underscore that the impacts of climate change will be much lower at the temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius compared with 2 degrees Celsius and reiterate our resolve to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. (climate change)
93. We are determined to lead bold, timely and structural actions in our national economies … with a view to accelerating and scaling up climate action, in synergy with sustainable development priorities and efforts to eradicate poverty and hunger. (climate change)
94. [We are determined to lead bold, timely and structural actions in]… the international financial system with a view to accelerating and scaling up climate action, in synergy with sustainable development priorities and efforts to eradicate poverty and hunger. (climate change)
95. Recognizing that the whole of our efforts will be more powerful than the sum of their parts, we will cooperate and join efforts towards a global mobilization against climate change. (climate change)
96. Mindful of our leadership role, we reaffirm our steadfast commitments, in pursuit of the objective of UNFCCC, to tackle climate change by strengthening the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, reflecting equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in light of different national circumstances. (climate change)
97. We reiterate our commitment and will intensify our efforts to achieve global net zero greenhouse gas emissions/carbon neutrality by or around mid-century. (climate change)
98. We encourage each other to bring forward net zero GHG emissions/climate neutrality commitments in a nationally determined manner, taking into account the Paris Agreement and our different national circumstances, pathways and approaches. (climate change)
99. We welcome and fully subscribe to the ambitious and balanced outcome of the UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai (COP28), in particular the UAE Consensus and its first Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement (GST-1). (climate change)
100. We will respond positively to the GST-1 encouragement for Parties to the Paris Agreement to come forward in their next nationally determined contributions with ambitious, economy-wide emission reduction targets, covering all greenhouse gases, sectors and categories and aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5 C, as informed by the latest science, in the light of different national circumstances. (climate change)
101. We acknowledge the need for urgent action to scale up, prioritize and mainstream whole-of society and whole-of-economy adaptation in the wake of the widespread, significant, and growing impacts of climate change. (climate change)
102. We recognize the need for deep, rapid and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in line with 1.5 C pathways [and call on members to contribute to the global efforts against climate change, in a nationally determined manner, taking into account the Paris Agreement and their different national circumstances, pathways and approaches, as addressed in GST-1.] (climate change)
103. We underscore the need for increased international collaboration and support, including with a view to: scaling up public and private climate finance and investment for developing countries (climate change)
104. [We underscore the need for increased international collaboration and support, including with a view to:] accelerating broadly accessible technological innovation (climate change)
105. [We underscore the need for increased international collaboration and support, including with a view to:] enhancing resilience (climate change)
106. [We underscore the need for increased international collaboration and support, including with a view to:] enhancing low-greenhouse-gas emissions pathways (climate change)
107. [We underscore the need for increased international collaboration and support, including with a view to:] supporting ambitious green industrial planning and strategies. (climate change)
108. We reiterate the New Delhi Leaders Declaration recognition of the need for rapidly and substantially scaling up climate finance from billions to trillions from all sources. (climate change)
109. Regarding sustainable finance, we continue to support the Sustainable Finance Roadmap (development)
110. Building on TF-CLIMA, we will cooperate and join efforts to identify and address structural barriers to foster private capital flows for climate action, particularly for developing countries. (climate change)
111. We will accelerate the reform of the international financial architecture so that it can meet the urgent challenge of sustainable development, climate change and efforts to eradicate poverty. (development)
112. We support the voluntary building-up of country platforms as one of the possible instruments to boost sustainable finance in emerging markets and developing economies. (development)
113. We pledge our support to the COP29 Presidency and commit to successful negotiations in Baku. (climate change)
114. We also pledge our support to the COP30 Presidency, in 2025. (climate change)
115. We commit to accelerating clean, sustainable, just, affordable and inclusive energy transitions, in line with SDG7, the Paris Agreement and the outcome of the GST-1, adopted at the UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai (COP28), that leave no one behind, especially the poor and those in vulnerable situations, taking into account different national circumstances. (energy)
116. We support the implementation of efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally (energy)
117. [We support the implementation of efforts to]… double the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements globally through existing targets and policies, similarly support the implementation with respect to other zero and low-emission technologies, including abatement and removal technologies in line with national circumstances by 2030. (energy)
118. Furthermore, we recognize the need to catalyze and scale up investment from all financial sources and channels for bridging the funding gap for energy transitions globally, especially in developing countries. (energy)
119. Reaffirming that developing countries need to be supported in their transitions to low carbon emissions, we will work towards facilitating low-cost financing for them. (climate change)
120. We reiterate our commitment in the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration to increase our efforts to implement the commitment made in 2009 in Pittsburgh to phase-out and rationalize, over the medium term, inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption and commit to achieve this objective, while providing targeted support for the poorest and the most vulnerable. (energy)
121. We encourage, as appropriate, the use of mutually recognized methodologies and standards for assessing greenhouse gas emissions. (climate change)
122. We support reliable, diversified, sustainable and responsible supply chains for energy transitions, including for critical minerals and materials beneficiated at source, semiconductors and technologies. (energy)
123. We commit to accelerate efforts to achieve universal access to clean cooking by 2030, including through formulation and implementation of enabling policies and provision and mobilization of financial and technological support from all sources to developing countries in order to increase the annual investments and support the affordability of clean cooking projects. (energy)
124. We reaffirm the commitment to the swift, full, and effective implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) adopted at the COP15 to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (environment)
125. In the context of forests, we will avoid discriminatory green economic policies, consistent with WTO rules and multilateral environmental agreements. (environment)
126. We are committed to mobilizing new and additional finance for forests from all sources, including concessional and innovative financing for developing countries. (environment)
127. We encourage innovative mechanisms that seek to mobilize new and diverse sources of funding to pay for ecosystem services. (environment)
128. We reaffirm the G20 ambition to reduce land degradation by 50% by 2040 on a voluntary basis, as committed under the G20 Land Initiative. (environment)
129. We will also take steps to prevent, manage, and address the negative impacts of droughts and extreme wildfires. (climate change)
130. As the world’s largest economies, which generate at different levels, around 75% of global waste and the majority of the global consumption of natural resources, noting the varying contributions and circumstances among countries, we reaffirm our commitment to significantly reduce the generation of waste, including unmanaged and poorly managed waste, through zero waste and other initiatives. (environment)
131. We prioritize the prevention and, where not possible, the reduction, reuse and recycling of waste in support of a circular economy. (environment)
132. We are determined to end plastic pollution (environment)
133. [We]…commit to working together with the ambition to conclude by the end of 2024 the negotiations of an ambitious, fair and transparent international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, based on a comprehensive approach in line with the mandate of UNEA resolution 5/14, at the Fifth Session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-5) in Busan, Republic of Korea. (environment)
134. Fully aware of the critical importance of the oceans and seas for sustainable development, we recognize that adequate financing and our increased efforts and appropriate planning and management are essential to ensure the protection of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources and biodiversity. (environment)
135. We will engage actively in the 3rd United Nations Ocean Conference in Nice in 2025. (environment)

The Reform of Global Governance Institutions

136. To reap the benefits of our joint efforts to promote sustainable development in all its dimensions – social, economic and environmental – we need to better equip the world with a reformed global governance. (institutional reform)
137. In order to deliver on the promises of the United Nations and other relevant international organizations around the world, we pledge to work for a reinvigorated and strengthened multilateral system, rooted in the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and international law, with renewed institutions and a reformed governance that is more representative, effective, transparent and accountable, reflecting the social, economic and political realities of the 21st century. (institutional reform)

United Nations

138. We commit to invigorate the General Assembly through the strengthening of its role, as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations, to uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, including on questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security, through an improved and intensified interaction with the Security Council. (institutional reform)
139. We also commit to invigorate the Assembly through transformative procedures and practices that recognize its authority and enhance its effectiveness and efficiency, in line with the UN Charter (institutional reform)
140. [We also commit to invigorate the Assembly through increased]… nominations of women candidates for President of the General Assembly. (institutional reform)
141. We pledge to reform the Security Council through a transformative reform that aligns it with the realities and demands of the 21st century, makes it more representative, inclusive, efficient, effective, democratic and accountable, and more transparent to the whole of the UN membership, allowing for better responsibility sharing among all its members, while improving the effectiveness and transparency of its working methods. (institutional reform)
142. We pledge to strengthen the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) through greater synergies and coherence with UN Agencies, Funds and Programs to better promote sustainable development in its three dimensions and to assist member states in achieving the SDGs. (institutional reform)
143. We commit to increased ECOSOC coherence (institutional reform)
144. [We commit to]… enhanced engagement with international financial institutions, particularly within the High-Level Political Forum, and forums for international economic cooperation, such as the G20, while respecting existing governance mechanisms and mandates independent of the United Nations. (institutional reform)
145. We commit to strengthen the Peacebuilding Commission through an enhanced role in proactively addressing the underlying causes and drivers of conflicts (institutional reform)
146. [We commit to strengthen the Peacebuilding Commission by]… mobilizing political and financial support for national prevention, sustaining peace and peacebuilding efforts, in particular to avoid possible relapse into conflict, in accordance with the Commission’s mandate. (institutional reform)
147. We will work towards a more representative UN Secretariat through transparency, equitable geographical distribution, rotation of nationalities, merit and gender balance in filling positions, and increasing the nomination of women for senior positions, including Secretary-General, while reaffirming that no post should be considered the exclusive preserve of any member state or group of states. (institutional reform)
148. In order to promote the reform of the United Nations that will allow us to live up to our shared goals, we will work together with all the UN membership in the spirit of the G20 Call to Action on Global Governance Reform. (institutional reform)

International Financial Architecture

149. Building on the legacy of previous G20 Presidencies, and the mandate we gave in New Delhi, we endorse the G20 Roadmap towards Better, Bigger, and More Effective Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), which presents comprehensive recommendations and actions for MDBs to evolve their visions, incentive structures, operational approaches, and financial capacities, so that they are better equipped to maximize their impact in addressing a wide range of global and regional challenges, while accelerating progress towards the SDGs. (institutional reform)
150. We reaffirm our commitment in the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration to collectively mobilize more headroom and concessional finance to boost World Bank capacity to help low- and middle-income countries that need help in addressing global challenges, with a clear framework for the allocation of scarce concessional resources, and to provide strong support for the poorest countries. (development)
151. We reaffirm our commitment to a strong, quota-based, and adequately resourced IMF at the center of the global financial safety net. (financial stability)
152. We stand ready to act constructively to help build momentum at the IMF Executive Board. (institutional reform)
153. [We welcome the IMF Executive Board review of charges and surcharges and the review of Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) facilities and financing. These reviews are relevant steps and] we will continue to support the Fund’s efforts to adapt to evolving circumstances. (development)
154. We will continue to invite countries that are willing and legally able to explore channeling Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) to MDBs, while respecting the reserve asset status of the resulting SDR-denominated claims and ensuring their liquidity, in order to strengthen MDBs´ financial capacity to support SDGs and address global challenges, including the goals of the Global Alliance against Hunger and Poverty. (development)
155. We remain committed to addressing global debt vulnerabilities, including by stepping up the Common Framework’s implementation in a predictable, timely, orderly, and coordinated manner, informed by the G20 Note on the Lessons Learned from the First Cases Under the Common Framework. (development)
156. We continue to stand by all the commitments made in the Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the DSSI, including those in the second and final paragraphs. (development)
157. We continue to support the Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable to further advance common understanding among key stakeholders, including the private sector, bilateral and multilateral creditors and debtor countries. (development)

Multilateral Trading System

158. To enable trade and investment to fully realize its potential and act as a driver of global growth and prosperity, we emphasize the need to ensure a rules-based, non-discriminatory, fair, open, inclusive, equitable, sustainable and transparent multilateral trading system, with the WTO at its core. (trade)
159. On the 30th anniversary of the Marrakesh Agreement, we reiterate our support to work towards the necessary reform of the WTO to improve all its functions, with a view to addressing current trade challenges and enabling trade to serve as an engine of growth and prosperity for all. (institutional reform)
160. We remain committed to conducting discussions with a view to having a fully and well-functioning dispute settlement system accessible to all members by 2024. (institutional reform)

Artificial Intelligence

161. It is our endeavor to leverage AI for good and for all by solving challenges in a responsible, inclusive and human-centric manner, while protecting people's rights and safety. (digitization)
162. We recognize the need to leverage the opportunities of AI, including Generative AI, while remaining mindful of its challenges. (digitization)
163. We will seek to promote a pro-innovation regulatory/governance approach to AI that will limit risks while enabling us to benefit from what it has to offer. (digitization)
164. To unlock the full potential of AI, equitably share its benefits, and mitigate risks, we will work together to promote international cooperation and further discussions on international governance for AI, recognizing the need to incorporate the voices of developed and developing countries. (digitization)
165. We agree to advocate and promote responsible AI for improving education and health outcomes as well as women’s empowerment. (digitization)

For an Inclusive and Effective G20

166. We reiterate our strong support to Africa including through the Compact with Africa (development)
167. [We reiterate our strong support to Africa including through the]… G20 initiative on supporting industrialization in Africa and LDCs (development)
168. [We] … support the African Union to realize the trade and economic integration and aspirations under its Agenda 2063 as it enters its second decade of implementation. (development)
169. Considering that the G20 is a Leaders-led and informal group and should remain so, Sherpas will evaluate the G20's first full cycle of presidencies under South Africa’s presidency and, with full respect to the principles agreed at the Cannes Summit in 2011, provide recommendations to the second cycle, including a roadmap for future presidencies. (accountability)

Conclusion

170. We remain resolute in our commitment to: fighting hunger (food and agriculture)
171. [We remain resolute in our commitment to:] Poverty (development)
172. [We remain resolute in our commitment to:] Inequality (social policy)
173. [We remain resolute in our commitment to:] promoting sustainable development in its economic, social, and environmental dimensions (development)
174. [We remain resolute in our commitment to:] reforming global governance. (institutional reform)

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